Local area cellular basestation

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a cellular basestation, and in particular to a basestation for a cellular communications network, that can conveniently be used to provide a cellular service, for example within a home or office.

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/719,117 , filed Dec. 18, 2012, and titled “LOCALAREA CELLULAR BASESTATION”, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/481,643 , filed May 25, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No.8,676,265, issued Mar. 18, 2014, and titled “LOCAL AREA CELLULARBASESTATION”, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/664,425 , filed Mar. 29, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,204,543,issued Jun. 19, 2012, and titled “LOCAL AREA CELLULAR BASESTATION”, eachof which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/664,425 is a national phase filing under35. U.S.C. §371 from PCT/GB2006/002819, filed on Jul. 28, 2006.PCT/GB2006/002819 claims priority from United Kingdom Patent ApplicationNo. 05 15888.6 filed on Aug. 1, 2005 and United Kingdom PatentApplication No. 06 10650.4 filed on May 30, 2006. These documents arehereby incorporated by reference and for all purposes.

This invention relates to a cellular basestation, and in particular to abasestation for a cellular communications network, that can convenientlybe used to provide a cellular service, for example within a home oroffice.

Wide area cellular services for standards such as GSM and UMTS aregenerally provided from conventional basestations, which are capable ofcovering a large area (cell radius of many kilometres). However,coverage within buildings can be more challenging because of the RFattenuation of the building structure and radio shadowing effects fromsurrounding buildings. This coverage problem becomes more difficult forstandards aiming to support medium to high speed data such as EDGE andUMTS, because of the higher signal-to-noise figures required for signalsusing high-order constellations or low spreading factors. Higherfrequencies, such as those used for UMTS, also accentuate the problem,because these signals suffer greater attenuation through buildingstructures.

Conventional solutions to these problems would be to deploy many morebasestations and RF repeater systems to increase coverage withinbuildings and urban areas. These solutions become prohibitively costlyand the additional aesthetic impact of many more basestations inpopulated areas creates objections from residents and additional legalexpenses for operators. The use of short-range radio interfaces such asWiFi or Bluetooth to handle cellular traffic within a home or office isan alternative approach, but requires the customer or operator to investin new handsets.

Recent figures suggest over 70% of all cellular calls are made withinbuildings so this issue presents some significant obstacles to thefuture growth of the cellular industry.

It is known to provide a wireless access point, for example inaccordance with the IEEE 802.11 standard, which allows a computer userto make a wireless connection to a computer network, such as theinternet, in order to be able to access data.

However, this type of wireless access point has the limitation that itdoes not allow access by any of the very large number of existingcellular mobile communications devices.

US2004/0204097 discloses a low power basestation, for establishing asmall area of wireless coverage within a macrocell network, for examplewithin a building such as a customer's home or office. This basestationmay be connected into a conventional wireless network infrastructure bymeans of an existing IP connection within the home or office.

However, this has the limitation that the user is able to use his mobilecommunications device only within that wireless network, and istherefore tied to the charging structures of the operator of thewireless network.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provideda base station for a cellular wireless communications network,comprising:

-   -   a first interface, enabling connection with a remote        communications device using a cellular wireless communications        protocol in the cellular wireless communications network;    -   a second interface, enabling connection over a wide area        network; and    -   a third interface, enabling connection over a local area        network,    -   and further comprising:    -   software for enabling communication over the wide area network        between a remote communications device, connected to the first        interface, and a core network of the cellular wireless        communications network; and    -   software for enabling communication over the local area network        between a remote communications device, connected to the first        interface, and a device connected to the local area network,        without using the core network of the cellular wireless        communications network.

This has the advantage that the user is able to communicate with adevice connected to the local area network, without needing to use thecore network of the cellular wireless communications network.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provideda base station for a cellular wireless communications network,comprising:

-   -   a first interface, enabling connection with a remote        communications device using a cellular wireless communications        protocol in the cellular wireless communications network; and    -   a second interface, enabling connection over a wide area        network;    -   and further comprising:    -   software for enabling communication over the wide area network        between a remote communications device, connected to the first        interface, and a core network of the cellular wireless        communications network; and    -   software for enabling communication over the wide area network        between a remote communications device, connected to the first        interface, and a network server connected to the wide area        network to allow data to be downloaded from said computer to the        remote communications device without using the core network of        the cellular wireless communications network.

This has the advantage that the user is able to communicate with adevice connected to the wide area network, without needing to use thecore network of the cellular wireless communications network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a system incorporating abasestation in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram illustrating the hardwarearchitecture of a basestation in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block schematic diagram illustrating the softwarearchitecture of a basestation in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the interconnections enabled by thebasestation in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram, illustrating a system architecture.A mobile network operator (MNO) owns and operates a wirelesscommunications network, including a radio network 10, including anetwork of cellular basestations (not shown), and a core network 20,having a connection into the fixed telephone network. These aregenerally conventional, except as described below.

A mobile phone 30, when roaming in the territory covered by the wirelesscommunications network, is able to establish a wireless connection withone of the cellular basestations, in order to communicate with othertelephones in the fixed telephone network, or with other mobile phones,which have established their own wireless connections with a cellularbasestation, and hence with the fixed telephone network.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided, for examplewithin a home or office 40 or in another location where additionalwireless coverage is required, a further basestation, or access point,50. This access point 50 is provided for use by the owner of thepremises where it is located, but is integrated into the wirelesscommunications network, such that the mobile phone 30 can handoff fromthe access point 50 to another basestation when leaving the immediatevicinity of the access point 50, or can handoff to the access point 50from another basestation when returning to the immediate vicinity of theaccess point 50.

The access point 50 therefore acts as a basestation within the relevantwireless communications network. For example, it can allow an entirelyconventional and unmodified mobile phone 30 or other user device toestablish a connection for voice and/or data services using GSM/GPRSand/or UMTS air interfaces. Of course, the access point 50 can beenabled to establish connections with the mobile phone 30 using thestandard air interface of any suitable cellular wireless communicationssystem.

The access point 50 has a connection for an Ethernet Local Area Network(LAN) 42, within the home or office 40. As shown in FIG. 1, the accesspoint 50 can connect over the Ethernet LAN 42 to one or more local PCsor servers 44.

The access point 50 can connect over the Ethernet LAN 42 to an IPgateway device 60. The IP gateway device 60 provides an IP connectionover an IP network 70, for example the internet, to the MNO networkeither via a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or via other IP transportmethods such as a digital multimedia Cable network. Thus, the existingIP connection from the home or office can be used to provide backhaulfrom the access point 50. Flexible interfacing to the operator's corenetwork 20 can be provided via the Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)standard through a UMA gateway 22. This approach enables low-costtransport of data and voice using Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP)techniques.

The connection from the IP gateway 60 over the IP network 70 into theMNO Radio Access Network 10 is provided by a UMA Unlicensed NetworkController (UNC) 12, which has been standardised by 3GPP as a GenericAccess Network Controller (GANC). Other non-standardised solutions tointerface to the Radio Access Network 10 could also be employed as analternative approach.

In this illustrated embodiment, the DSL or cable IP gateway device 60includes provision for connection of a POTS telephone or fax device 62,and audio/video connections for providing IPTV services to a TV 64. Theaccess point 50 includes a services environment which allows thesefacilities to be integrated into the MNO network, enabling sophisticatednew services for users.

In an alternative implementation of the invention, the access point 50can be integrated as a component within the IP gateway device 60; aninternal IP connection then links the embedded access point component tothe router functions within the IP gateway device. This configurationcan potentially provide a lower overall cost and is convenient foroperators looking to provide gateway units which unify data, fixedvoice, multimedia and mobile services.

Thus, while the mobile phone 30 is within the home or office 40, orotherwise within the coverage area of the access point 50, it canconnect into the MNO network in the same way as via any otherbasestation in the cellular wireless communications network.

FIG. 1 also shows a network server 72 connected to the IP network 70. Aswill be appreciated, where the IP network 70 is the internet, a verylarge number of servers and other devices are connected to the network.As will be described in more detail below, the user of the mobile phone30 can access such devices by means of the access point 50.

FIG. 1 also shows a management system 74, connected to the IP network70.

FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram, showing the hardware architectureof the access point 50. The architecture consists of a number offunctional blocks interconnected by a processor bus 80 such as the ARMAMBA bus.

The access point 50 includes various external wired interfaces,including an RJ45 Ethernet 10/100 interface 82, which provides aconnection to a local LAN for connection to the IP gateway device 60 andthence to the MNO network and the Internet, and also provides access toother devices attached to the Ethernet network, such as one or more PC44, or such as an IPTV 64 for advanced service provision. The accesspoint 50 can therefore have an IP-based interface to the Radio AccessNetwork 10 through adaptation of the standard UMA UNC, as opposed to theusual Iub (UMTS) or Abis (GSM) interfaces.

The access point 50 also includes a Subscriber Identification Module(SIM) card interface 84 to allow use of a standard SIM card to provide aunique identifier for the access point 50, in order to identify the unitto the management system 74 and the operator's radio network 10 and corenetwork 20, and thereby enable various services to be provided.

The access point 50 also includes a Protocol Engine 86, implemented as asmall embedded CPU such as an ARM926 (with appropriate peripherals)supported by a dedicated co-processor 88 for encryption and a dedicatedco-processor 90 for packet processing, which will offload the main CPUfor specific intensive tasks. For example, encryption of the IPSecpacket payload is handled by the encryption accelerator 88, whichsupports AES and 3DES encryption protocols. The VPN connection of theaccess point 50 to the UNC 12 and the management system 74 will make useof the internal encryption processing; user VPN encryption processingmay be handled outside the access point 50.

The main CPU is also responsible for the configuration and control, viathe main CPU bus 80, of all functional blocks in the system including abaseband modem 92 and the Ethernet port 82. The system software image,including configuration data for all system functional blocks is storedin FLASH memory 94 within the access point 50; two complete systemimages are stored so that updated system images can be downloaded to theaccess point 50 from the management system 74, whilst the previous imageis retained as a fall back option in case of corrupted download. accesspoint 50

The main CPU peripherals include: watchdog timers for software sanitychecking, JTAG and serial ports for in-system debug, and a GPIO forsystem control including LED status indication, system power managementand system alarm gathering.

The access point 50 has a first RF Interface 94 for GSM at either 900MHz or 1800 MHz and a second RF Interface 96 for UMTS at 2100 MHz. Ittherefore supports simultaneous operation of GSM and UMTS. For the GSMand UMTS receive paths both uplink (basestation receive) and downlink(terminal receive) frequencies are accessible; for the transmit pathsonly downlink (basestation transmit) frequencies are available. Atinstallation, the access point 50 selects a downlink RF carrierfrequency with the lowest noise/interference for both GSM and UMTS frompermitted lists of GSM and UMTS carrier frequencies provided by themanagement system 74; permitted downlink frequencies will be scanned bythe access point 50 with its receive path configured in UE mode and itstransmit path disabled.

The access point 50 is designed to provide cellular service over adistance of less than 50 m to stationary or pedestrian (for example, nomore than 10 km/h) users within a building, and hence the transmit powerrequired is dramatically reduced compared to a conventional macrocellbasestation.

The RF interfaces 94, 96 are connected through a modem analog interface98 to the baseband modem 92, which supports sample rate processing,chip-rate processing (UMTS only) and symbol rate processing for the GSMand UMTS basestation modems.

The access point 50 will have limited GSM Mobile Station (MS) and UMTSUser Equipment (UE) modem functionality, in order to allow the accesspoint 50 to recover the Broadcast Channel (BCH) from local GSM/UMTSbasestations and other nearby access points. UE modem mode will beentered during initial installation to survey the local RF environmentand at regular intervals after the initial installation to monitor theRF environment and, if necessary, modify the access point configuration.

The baseband modem 92 is implemented using a software-based architectureto ensure high adaptability over a field life of up to 5 years, forexample, being upgradeable to allow future enhancement to HSDPA or EDGEservice to be delivered in the field without the need to replace theunit.

The access point 50 includes timing and frequency references 100 whichprovide sufficient accuracy for GSM and UMTS basestation operation overa 5 year lifetime.

This embodiment of the access point 50 therefore provides variousoperational features. For example, it is user Installable,self-configuring, and adaptive to the surrounding RF environment. Accesscan be restricted to specified users using standard GSM/UMTS protocols.Further, multiple access point units installed in a large indoor areaconnected to a common Ethernet LAN can manage handoffs betweenthemselves without the intervention of other systems in the radionetwork 10 or the core network 20 of the operator's cellular network.

FIG. 3 provides a conceptual overview of the architecture of thesoftware running on the protocol engine 86 of the access point 50,together with the encryption accelerator 88 and the packet processingaccelerator 90, with an emphasis on the Services Environment and itscontrol paths into the lower stack layers.

The access point 50 includes a services platform, which can exploit thepotential of the union of four data networks, namely the external MNOcore network 20, the external internet 70, mobile devices such as themobile phone 30 (via GSM/UMTS), and the home network (via Ethernet).

The access point stack architecture includes a powerful servicesenvironment 120.

The services environment is Java-based and includes a Java VirtualMachine 122, and an access point library 124, in the form of an APIinterface which allows applications 126 to interact with the lowerlayers of the stack to control calls/data sessions, traffic routing andmany other functions. The services environment 120 also includes a webserver 128, which provides a convenient interface to the user forconfiguration and monitoring and also for selection and purchase ofdesired applications, with security protected options for debug andmaintenance via a local PC. The services environment 120 also includes amanagement system (MS) client 130, which configures the access point 50and monitors various aspects of its operation. The MS client 130controls the provisioning system so that any component of the softwarein the system, as shown in FIG. 3, can be replaced and restarted.

As mentioned above, the services environment 120 also includes variousapplications 126, for example created by the mobile network operator orthe IP gateway 60 provider, which can be pre-installed in the accesspoint 50, or can be delivered via download from the operator's networkat the operator's initiation or at user request, for example as part ofa chargeable service.

A network (ZN) layer 132 of the software provides session controlfunctions to manage and implement the service flows and policies thatdetermine how the access point 50 is configured and operates for anyparticular Mobile Network Operator (MNO) configuration and end-usersettings. Configuration parameters are loaded to the ZN database 134 viathe management system (MS) client 130, Java applications or via the WebServer 128. These parameters provide the “rules” for the session controloperation within the access point. Session control functions include:implementation of the policies for registration, call control andtraffic flow/routing for the access point 50 on the MNO core network;control of the UMA client (to be described further below) forregistration, call control and traffic flow; and efficient management ofaccess point ZAP resources in delivering GSM/UMTS services andinteracting with other services via the IP gateway 60.

Below the network (ZN) layer 132 of the software, there is the NonAccess Stratum (NAS) functionality 136, which is required in order forservices to be provided to the UE when the MNO GSM/UMTS core network 20is not connected to the access point 50. This functionality enables theaccess point 50 to offer the usual GSM/UMTS services, such as SMS andMMS which mobile users are accustomed to, whilst not being connected tothe GSM/UMTS core network. In order for such services to be offered, theaccess point 50 contains a condensed subset of the core networkfunctions usually contained in the Mobile Switching Cente (MSC), ServingGPRS Service Node (SGSN), GSM Basestation Subsystem (BSS), and UMTSRadio Network Subsystem (RNS).

The Non-Access Stratum layer 136, as implemented in the access point 50,therefore provides various functions which are typically included in MSCand SGSN nodes within a conventional GSM/UMTS network. One such featureis call control (CC). This supports call establishment between two peerentities, mainly for circuit-switched connections.

The NAS layer 136 also provides session management (SM), for control ofpacket data sessions; a Short Message Service (SMS) server, fortransmission of SMS messages between the access point 50 and the networkSMS service centre; supplementary services (SS), such as call waiting,call holding, and multi-party calling; Mobility Management/GPRS MobilityManagement (MM/GMM), for management of UE mobility elements, such aslocation registration, authentication, and ciphering; and controlfunctions associated with the SIM card which may be fitted to the accesspoint 50. The

access point 50 also provides packet routing capability, which isessentially GGSN functionality in a conventional network.

Below the NAS functionality, there is the Access Stratum functionality,specifically the UMTS Access Stratum functions 138 and the GERAN AccessStratum functions 140.

The UMTS Access Stratum functionality 138 comprises Radio NetworkController (RNC) functionality and an interface to the UMTS physicallayer implemented on the baseband modem 92. The RNC and physical layerinterface functionality is required for all access point servicessupporting UMTS, regardless of the core network interface used.

In more detail, the RNC functionality comprises the following elements:

-   -   Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

Header compression and decompression of IP data streams (optional),transfer of user data, maintenance of PDCP sequence numbers.

-   -   Radio Resources Control (RRC)

Broadcast of information related to the NAS and AS; establishment,maintenance and release of RRC connections; establishment,reconfiguration and release of Radio Bearers and radio resources; RRCconnection mobility functions; control of requested QoS; UE measurementreporting and control; outer loop power control; ciphering control.

-   -   Radio Link Control (RLC)

Transmission and reception of signaling and data packets, includingbuffering, segmentation and concatenation of packets. Comprises threeentity types, for acknowledged mode, unacknowledged mode, andtransparent modes.

-   -   Medium Access Control (MAC)        Mapping between logical channels and transport channels,        selection of the appropriate Transport Formats for each        Transport Channel, priority handling between UEs,        multiplexing/demultiplexing of upper layer PDUs to/from        transport block (sets) on common and dedicated transport        channels.    -   UMTS Layer 1

Interface to the UMTS modem functions implemented on the Baseband Modem.

The GERAN access stratum functionality 140 comprises both BSS and SGSNfunctionality. The BSS functionality is required for support of allGSM/GPRS/EDGE services, regardless of the interface used between theaccess point 50 and the MNO core network 20. The SGSN functionality isrequired only when MNO GERAN core-network functionality is bypassed, forexample for Internet-based services over GERAN.

The SGSN functionality of the GERAN access stratum functionality 140comprises the following elements:

-   -   Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP)

Multiplexing of several packet data protocols; datacompression/decompression (optional); header compression/decompression(optional); segmentation and re-assembly.

-   -   Logical Link Control (LLC)

LLC provides peer-to-peer unacknowledged and acknowledged data transfer,and the GPRS ciphering functionality.

The BSS functionality of the GERAN access stratum functionality 140comprises the following elements:

-   -   Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC)

RLC/MAC supports acknowledged and unacknowledged modes; segmentation andreassembly of LLC PDUs; multiplexing to several physical channels;broadcast of system information.

-   -   Radio Resource Management (RR)

RR connection establishment, maintenance, and releases; systeminformation broadcast; packet data resource management.

-   -   GSM/GPRS Layer 1

Interface to the GSM/GPRS/EDGE modem functions implemented in theBaseband Modem.

The software running in the access point 50 also includes a UMA client142, allowing the access point 50 to use the UMA protocol in anon-standard configuration. Specifically, the standard UMA protocol isdesigned to enable a GSM MS or UMTS UE, which includes a UMA client andan unlicensed spectrum air interface such as IEEE802.11b/g or Bluetooth,to communicate with the GSM/UMTS core network using unlicensed spectrum.However, the implementation in the access point 50 uses the UMA clientas part of the network interface of a GSM/UMTS basestation, so that theUMA protocols, developed to communicate with a GSM/UMTS core network viaan Unlicensed Network Controller (UNC), can be used to manage callshandled by that basestation, including handover to/from the macronetwork.

The access point 50 also includes one or more IP device clients 144, toenable the transfer of calls, control information or data between the“mobile domain” (mobile phones camped onto the access point 50 andtraffic paths into the MNO core network 20) and other IP devices, suchas a VoIP/POTS port within the IP gateway 60 for fixed-line phone/faxservices, an AV port within the IP gateway 60 for IPTV and/or videoservices, PC's or Servers 44 on the local Ethernet LAN, or remotewebpages and/or servers 72 accessible over the internet 70 via the IPgateway 60.

Each IP device client 144 has access to the traffic path within theaccess point 50 and can be controlled by the session controller in theZN layer 132, which can initiate and terminate calls/data sessions withthe accessible IP devices. The inclusion within the access point 50software architecture of IP device clients which are specific to aparticular device or service enables traffic from that particular deviceor service to be routed within the access point 50, such that it can beconnected to the GSM/UMTS mobile devices accessed via the GSM or UMTSAccess Strata or the MNO Core Network accessed via the UMA client.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram, illustrating the traffic and controlinterconnections that are enabled, in one embodiment of the invention.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the software includes three IPdevice clients, namely a first IP device client 146 that can connectthrough a VoIP port of the IP gateway 60 to a POTS phone 62, a second IPdevice client 148 that can connect over the LAN to a local PC or server44, and a third IP device client 150 that can connect over the IPnetwork 70 to a website on an internet device 72. The servicesenvironment 120 then includes a POTS application 152, a PC application154 and a website application 156 corresponding to these three IP deviceclients. In such cases, it is also likely that application software,specific to the particular service, will be required in the device whichis to be connected to such the IP gateway 60, the local PC 44, or theGSM/UMTS mobile device 30. Suitable application software can be providedby the MNO that operates the access point 50, in order to facilitate thedesired overall service.

Applications operating within the services environment 120 are then ableto initiate and terminate calls or data sessions with the mobiles campedon the access point 50 and the MNO core network 20 and, via the IPdevice clients, are able to access and control services within thegateway, devices connected to the Ethernet LAN and remote devicesaccessible via the Internet. The user is also able to interact with themanagement system 74 through the MS client 130.

The control of the initiation and termination of the “calls” orconnections is handled by a Java application specific to the servicewhich is executing within the access point 50 services environment.Functions provided within the API library (shown in FIG. 3 above) of theaccess point 50 permit call control and routing via session controlimplemented in the network layer 132 of the access point 50.

Thus, the services environment 120, located within a home or officebased access point 50, effectively joins four distinct networks, namelythe MNO Core Network 20 (via the IP gateway 60), the internet (again viathe IP gateway 60), the local LAN (via the Ethernet port), and localmobile devices camped on the access point 50 (via a GSM or UMTS airinterface).

For example, this allows various service options.

A direct connection can be made between GSM/UMTS mobile devices campedon the access point 50 and devices attached to the local Ethernet LANnetwork such as PCs/Servers, webcams and other home security and/or homeautomation sensors and actuators. This connection is local to the accesspoint 50 and does not require the involvement of the MNO core network.

A direct connection can be made between GSM/UMTS mobile devices campedon the access point 50 and the Internet without the need for MNO CoreNetwork involvement. This allows GSM/UMTS mobile devices to accesswebpages and internet content without burdening the core network 20 withthis traffic, and therefore has the advantage for the MNO that itsinfrastructure costs can potentially be lower.

A direct connection can be made between GSM/UMTS Mobile devices campedon the access point 50 and GSM/UMTS devices camped on other accesspoints accessible directly via the Internet. This capability allowsinformation such as presence of a user on their home access point 50 orvoice/video calls to be conveyed directly from one access point toanother access point over the Internet without the involvement of theMNO core network 20.

A direct connection can be made between the MNO core network 20 anddevices or applications within the IP gateway device 60 and otherdevices or applications connected to the local Ethernet LAN network.This capability would for example allow:

i. the VoIP/POTS port on the IP gateway device 60 to be used to makephone calls within the MNO network using the SIM card within the accesspoint 50 to define the “mobile number” and other necessary details ofthe POTS phone;

ii. the IPTV port on the IP gateway device 60 to be used to displayincoming video calls, mobile TV streams or MMS messages on the connectedTV screen;

iii. a user, roaming in the MNO wide-area network, to access his home PCor server, or home security and/or automation devices attached to thelocal Ethernet LAN via his GSM/UMTS mobile device and the MNO corenetwork 20 and MNO radio network 10.

The access point 50 can therefore provide improved services to users,while reducing costs for the mobile network operator.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A basestation having Access Stratumfunctionality comprising Medium Access Control functionality, for use ina cellular communications network having a radio interface forcommunication with wireless communications devices by means of a widearea cellular wireless communications protocol, wherein the basestationis adapted to terminate ciphering of signals received over the radiointerface in order to be able access data packets being transferred overthe radio interface, wherein the basestation has an Internet Protocolinterface for communication over a public Internet with a node in aRadio Access Network of the cellular communications network, and whereinthe basestation is adapted to encrypt data transmitted over the InternetProtocol interface to the cellular communications network.
 2. Abasestation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Access Stratumfunctionality comprises Radio Resource Management functionality.
 3. Abasestation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Access Stratumfunctionality comprises Radio Link Control/Medium Access Controlfunctionality.
 4. A basestation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the RadioLink Control/Medium Access Control functionality allows the basestationto terminate ciphering performed over the radio interface in order to beable to access said data packets.
 5. A basestation as claimed in claim1, being adapted to use IPSec for encryption of said data fortransmission to the cellular communications network.
 6. A basestation asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the cellular wireless communicationsprotocol is a wide area cellular wireless communications protocol.
 7. Abasestation having Access Stratum functionality comprising Medium AccessControl functionality, for use in a wide area cellular communicationsnetwork comprising a Radio Access Network and a Core Network, whereinthe basestation has a radio interface, for communication with userequipment devices located in a cell associated with the basestation,wherein the basestation has an Internet Protocol interface, forcommunication over a public broadband Internet connection with a node inthe Radio Access Network of the cellular communications network, whereinthe basestation is adapted to terminate ciphering of signals receivedover the radio interface in order to be able to access data packetstransferred across said radio interface, and wherein the basestation isadapted to encrypt data transmitted over the Internet Protocol interfaceto the cellular communications network.
 8. A basestation as claimed inclaim 7, being adapted to use IPSec for encryption of said data fortransmission to the cellular communications network.